Is rituximab beter dan prednison bij actieve oogziekte van Graves?

Huidige behandelingen (medicijnen, radioactief jodium en operatie) bij de ziekte van Graves (hyperthyreoïdie en oogziekte (GO)) hebben hun nadelen door de bijwerkingen. Daarom wordt wereldwijd onderzoek gedaan naar nieuwe therapieën. Er is vooruitgang geboekt, met name met medicijnen die de tsh-receptor antistoffen uitschakelen.

Rituximab (RTX) is de eerste gerichte biologische therapie die onderzocht is als behandeling voor de (oog)ziekte van Graves. Heeft dat middel de toekomst? Mogelijk dat dit onderzoek weer perspectief biedt.

Efficacy of B-cell targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with active moderate to severe Graves’ orbitopathy: a randomized controlled study
M Salvi, G Vannucchi, N Currò, I Campi, D Covelli, D Dazzi, S Simonetta, C Guastella, L Pignataro, S Avignone, P Beck-Peccoz

Rituximab is better than corticosteroids for active Graves’ orbitopathy
Jerome M. Hershman

Is rituximab al mogelijk als geneesmiddel bij de (oog)ziekte van Graves?
Schildkliertje

Methods

Salvi et al conducted a double-blind, randomized trial (European Clinical Trials Database [EudraCT] 2007-003910-33) to compare RTX with iv methylprednisolone (ivMP) in patients with active moderate to severe GO. Thirty-two patients were randomized to receive either ivMP (7.5 g) or RTX (2000 or 500 mg). The primary end point was the decrease of the clinical activity score of 2 points or to less than 3 at week 24. Changes of proptosis, lid fissure, diplopia and eye muscle motility, and quality of life score were secondary end points. The number of therapeutic responses, disease reactivation, and surgical procedures required during follow-up and the patients' quality of life were also assessed.

Results

The clinical activity score decreased with both treatments but more after RTX at 16, 20, and 24 weeks, whether 1000 mg RTX twice or 500 mg RTX once was used (P = NS). At 24 weeks 100% of RTX patients improved compared with 69% after ivMP. Disease reactivation was never observed in RTX patients but was observed in five after ivMP. Patients treated with RTX scored better motility at 52 weeks in both the right and the left eye. Overall rehabilitative surgical procedures carried out during follow-up (at 76 wk) were 12 in 16 ivMP patients and 5 in 15 RTX patients.

Conclusions

The results of this trial confirm preliminary reports on a better therapeutic outcome of RTX in active moderate to severe GO, when compared with ivMP, even after a lower RTX dose. The better eye motility outcome, visual functioning of the quality of life assessment, and the reduced number of surgical procedures in patients after RTX seem to suggest a disease-modifying effect of the drug.